[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":233},["ShallowReactive",2],{"history-quilting":3},[4,36,75,100,133,169,197],{"id":5,"designs":6,"entry":8},"lines",[5,7],"grid",{"designer":9,"related":10,"sources":11,"da":20,"en":28},null,[],[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19],"vam-petticoat-diamonds","vam-petticoat-lines","qg-silk-wholecloth","brackman-long-arm","brackman-period-quilting","brackman-southern-style","modern-quilt-guild","gering-walk",{"lead":21,"period":22,"history":23,"use":26},"Lige linjer, én vej eller begge veje, så der bliver kvadrater eller ruder: det ældste og mest almindelige fyld.","Storbritannien fra 1700-tallet; overalt siden",[24,25],"Victoria and Albert Museum har quiltede silkeskørter fra 1700-tallet, et fra 1740–1770 quiltet i ruder på ¾ tomme og et fra 1730–1750 med en kant mod en bund af skrå linjer, og The Quilters' Guild en silkequilt fra 1700-tallet med ruder som fyld. Barbara Brackman kalder parallelle linjer den mest almindelige håndquiltning til fyld og helt-over-quiltning, gerne dobbelte eller tredobbelte; dobbelte og tredobbelte linjer, i kryds eller på skrå, er \"meget 1800-tal\". I sydstaterne er de fleste ensfarvede quilts quiltet i lige linjer.","I den moderne quiltbevægelse, hvor Modern Quilt Guild blev stiftet i 2009 af Alissa Haight Carlton og Latifah Saafir, er de enkle linjer kommet igen på maskine. Jacquie Gering, en af bevægelsens førende quiltere, skrev bogen Walk (2016) om at quilte med trykfod med transport.",[27],"QuiltCrafters Linjer kan drejes i enhver vinkel, og Kryds lægger linjer begge veje; drejet 45° bliver det ruder, det klassiske crosshatch. Sy alle linjerne den ene vej først, så den anden, med trykfod med transport.",{"lead":29,"period":30,"history":31,"use":34},"Straight lines, one way or both, making squares or diamonds: the oldest and most common filling.","Britain from the 1700s; everywhere since",[32,33],"The Victoria and Albert Museum has quilted silk petticoats from the 1700s, one from 1740–1770 quilted in ¾-inch diamonds and one from 1730–1750 with a border against a ground of diagonal lines, and The Quilters' Guild a silk quilt from the 1700s with diamonds as filling. Barbara Brackman calls parallel lines the most common hand quilting for filling and all-over quilting, often doubled or tripled; double and triple lines, in grids or on the diagonal, are \"very 19th century\". In the South most plain-coloured quilts are quilted in straight lines.","In the modern quilt movement, whose Modern Quilt Guild was founded in 2009 by Alissa Haight Carlton and Latifah Saafir, simple lines have come back by machine. Jacquie Gering, one of the movement's leading quilters, wrote the book Walk (2016) on quilting with a walking foot.",[35],"QuiltCrafter's Lines can be turned to any angle, and Grid lays lines both ways; turned 45° it becomes diamonds, the classic crosshatch. Sew all the lines one way first, then the other, with a walking foot.",{"id":37,"designs":38,"entry":41},"feathers",[39,40],"squareFeather","featherFrames",{"designer":9,"related":42,"sources":43,"da":53,"en":64},[],[44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52],"bowes-joe-the-quilter","northumberland-joe","mcguire-quilt-stampers","qg-sanderson-star","friends-of-beamish","vam-pirt","vam-durham-templates","qg-welsh-wholecloth","iqm-chintz-applique",{"lead":54,"period":55,"history":56,"use":59,"myth":61},"Fjer af små dråber langs en bue, i kranse, rammer og ranker: det fineste i den gamle quiltning.","Nordengland og Wales fra 1700-tallet; USA fra 1800-tallet",[57,58],"Joseph Hedley, kaldet \"Joe the Quilter\", fra Warden i Northumberland var skrædder og professionel quilter. Bowes Museum har en hvid quilt, han quiltede med blomster, fjer og vifter, med påskriften \"This was done by Old Joe the quilter in 1824\"; han blev myrdet i januar 1826, og ifølge Northumberland Archives var hans arbejde kendt i England, Irland, Skotland og Amerika.","I Nordengland blev det et erhverv at tegne mønstrene op, \"stamping\", selv om det blev gjort i hånden efter skabeloner af brunt papir. Elizabeth Sanderson fra Allenheads (1861–1933) havde lærlinge og gav navn til Sanderson-stjernen, og den nordengelske fjer er typisk for egnen om Durham: Victoria and Albert Museum har en quilt i rød tråd fra 1932 af Nina Pirt fra County Durham. I Wales quiltede en Mrs Daymond fra Tonna i 1930'erne med en fjer efter prinsen af Wales' fjerbusk, og i Amerika har museet i Lincoln en medallion fra 1820–1840 med en fyldt fjer.",[60],"QuiltCrafter har to slags: Square Feather lægger fjerkranse i et gitter af fire afstande, og Fjerrammer lægger fjerene i rammer om midten. Hver fjer er dråber, der stopper ved den forrige, og de syes på fri hånd.",{"claim":62,"truth":63},"Draperen George Gardiner skabte den nordengelske stil og lærte Elizabeth Sanderson op, som igen lærte en hel skole af tegnere.","Historien kommer fra én samtale i 1952, trykt i Mavis FitzRandolphs bog i 1954. Deborah McGuire har gennemgået folketællingerne og finder intet bevis for, at Gardiner havde lærlinge, heller ikke Sanderson; til gengæld er Sandersons egne lærlinge dokumenteret, og McGuire kalder hende den vigtigste fornyer.",{"lead":65,"period":66,"history":67,"use":70,"myth":72},"Feathers of small drops along a curve, in wreaths, frames and vines: the finest of the old quilting.","The North of England and Wales from the 1700s; USA from the 1800s",[68,69],"Joseph Hedley, called \"Joe the Quilter\", of Warden in Northumberland was a tailor and a professional quilter. The Bowes Museum has a white quilt he quilted with flowers, feathers and fans, inscribed \"This was done by Old Joe the quilter in 1824\"; he was murdered in January 1826, and according to Northumberland Archives his work was known in England, Ireland, Scotland and America.","In the North of England marking the designs, \"stamping\", became a trade, although it was done by hand from brown-paper templates. Elizabeth Sanderson of Allenheads (1861–1933) had apprentices and gave her name to the Sanderson Star, and the North Country feather is typical of the country round Durham: the Victoria and Albert Museum has a quilt in red thread of 1932 by Nina Pirt of County Durham. In Wales a Mrs Daymond of Tonna quilted in the 1930s with a feather after the Prince of Wales's plume, and in America the museum in Lincoln has a medallion from 1820–1840 with a stuffed feather.",[71],"QuiltCrafter has two kinds: Square Feather lays feather wreaths on a grid of four spacings, and Feather frames lays the feathers in frames round the middle. Each feather is drops that stop at the one before, sewn free motion.",{"claim":73,"truth":74},"The draper George Gardiner created the North Country style and trained Elizabeth Sanderson, who in turn trained a whole school of markers.","The story comes from one conversation in 1952, printed in Mavis FitzRandolph's book in 1954. Deborah McGuire has gone through the census records and finds no evidence that Gardiner had apprentices, Sanderson included; Sanderson's own apprentices, on the other hand, are documented, and McGuire calls her the most significant innovator.",{"id":76,"designs":77,"entry":78},"clamshell",[76],{"designer":9,"related":79,"sources":80,"da":84,"en":92},[],[14,81,82,50,83],"nqr-welsh-quilt","qg-clamshells","qg-clamshell-top",{"lead":85,"period":86,"history":87,"use":90},"Halvcirkler i rækker, hver række forskudt en halv, som skæl eller muslingeskaller.","Storbritannien fra 1700-tallet; Wales og Nordengland til 1900-tallet",[88,89],"Muslingeskaller er et af de gamle fyldmønstre i britisk helstofs-quiltning. The Quilters' Guild har en quilt af cremefarvet silke fra 1700-tallet, hvor kanterne er fyldt med linjer og muslingeskaller, og en gul nordengelsk quilt fra 1920–1939 med muslingeskaller, en lille snoning og tulipaner. En walisisk quilt fra omkring 1850–1870, i dag i Tasmanien, er quiltet med walisiske mønstre: muslingeskaller, den walisiske pære og spiraler.","Mønstrene blev tegnet op efter skabeloner. Victoria and Albert Museum har 86 skabeloner af brunt papir og karton fra Durham fra 1900–1932, og blandt dem er skaller og fjer. Muslingeskaller kan også syes som patchwork; The Quilters' Guild har en top af den slags fra 1939–1959 med papirerne stadig i kanten.",[91],"QuiltCrafters Muslingeskaller lægger buerne i et gitter fra midten, række for række. Mønstret er roligt og godt som fyld bag et motiv eller over en hel quilt, og det syes på fri hånd eller med en skabelon.",{"lead":93,"period":94,"history":95,"use":98},"Half circles in rows, each row moved half a shell, like scales or clamshells.","Britain from the 1700s; Wales and the North of England into the 1900s",[96,97],"Clamshells are one of the old filling designs of British wholecloth quilting. The Quilters' Guild has a cream silk quilt from the 1700s whose borders are filled with lines and clamshells, and a yellow North Country quilt from 1920–1939 with clamshells, a small cable and tulips. A Welsh quilt from about 1850–1870, now in Tasmania, is quilted in Welsh patterns: clamshells, the Welsh pear and spirals.","The designs were marked from templates. The Victoria and Albert Museum has 86 templates of brown paper and card from Durham from 1900–1932, among them shells and feathers. Clamshells can also be pieced; The Quilters' Guild has a top of that kind from 1939–1959 with the papers still in at the edge.",[99],"QuiltCrafter's Clamshells lays the arcs on a grid from the middle, row by row. The design is calm and good as a filling behind a motif or over a whole quilt, sewn free motion or with a template.",{"id":101,"designs":102,"entry":103},"fans",[101],{"designer":9,"related":104,"sources":105,"da":111,"en":122},[],[106,107,108,109,110,15,44],"brackman-calhoun","brackman-eby","qhs-fan-where","qhs-fan-who","iqm-southern-quilts",{"lead":112,"period":113,"history":114,"use":117,"myth":119},"Buer i ringe ud fra kanten, række efter række over hele quilten, slået med albuen som passer.","Sydstaterne i USA, mest efter 1890; enkelte fra 1840'erne",[115,116],"Barbara Brackman kalder vifterne meget populære i sydstaterne fra slutningen af 1800-tallet og ind i 1900-tallet, og i hendes samling af omkring 1.000 daterede quilts har 16 vifte-quiltning, 13 af dem fra efter 1900. Museet i Lincoln nævner \"fan\" eller \"elbow quilting\" som et kendetegn for quilts fra syden: buerne udgår fra quilterens albue, som var midtpunktet.","Quilterne tegnede op ved kanten og arbejdede indad: Beck Kirby fra Toccoa i Georgia satte albuen på quiltens kant og slog buen med kridt, og Ila Patton fra Virginia bandt kridtet i en snor. Hvor buerne fra hver side ikke mødtes, blev der en stribe ned ad midten, som quilterne kaldte rygraden eller \"hog's back\". Forløberen kan være de skalmønstre, Marie Webster viste i 1915, og vifter findes også i Storbritannien: Joseph Hedleys quilt fra 1824 er quiltet med blomster, fjer og vifter.",[118],"QuiltCrafters Vifter lægger buerne ud fra midten, og hver bue stopper ved vifterne før den, så rækkerne lægger sig som tagsten. Afstanden er buernes afstand; syet på fri hånd eller på en langarmsmaskine som \"edge to edge\".",{"claim":120,"truth":121},"Navnet Baptist fan er gammelt og kommer fra baptisternes kirkevifter eller kirkens quiltekreds.","Brackman skriver, at navnet er praktisk, men ikke traditionelt; det tidligste tryk, hun har fundet, er hendes egen bog Clues in the Calico fra 1989. Andre har sagt Methodist fan, Rainbow eller elbow quilting, og som hun skriver, quiltede metodisterne og presbyterianerne også vifter. Kirkeviften er et gæt.",{"lead":123,"period":124,"history":125,"use":128,"myth":130},"Arcs in rings out from the edge, row after row over the whole quilt, struck with the elbow as compass.","The American South, mostly after 1890; a few from the 1840s",[126,127],"Barbara Brackman calls fans very popular in the South from the late 1800s into the 1900s, and in her collection of about 1,000 dated quilts 16 have fan quilting, 13 of them from after 1900. The museum in Lincoln names \"fan\" or \"elbow quilting\" as a mark of Southern quilts: the arcs come from the quilter's elbow, which was the centre.","Quilters marked from the edge and worked inward: Beck Kirby of Toccoa, Georgia, put her elbow on the quilt's edge and struck the arc in chalk, and Ila Patton of Virginia tied the chalk to a string. Where the arcs from each side did not meet, a strip ran down the middle, which quilters called the backbone or \"hog's back\". The forerunner may be the shell designs Marie Webster showed in 1915, and fans are found in Britain too: Joseph Hedley's quilt of 1824 is quilted with flowers, feathers and fans.",[129],"QuiltCrafter's Fans lays the arcs out from the middle, each arc stopping at the fans before it, so the rows lie like roof tiles. The spacing is the arcs' spacing; sewn free motion or on a longarm as \"edge to edge\".",{"claim":131,"truth":132},"The name Baptist fan is old and comes from the Baptists' church fans or the church's quilting circle.","Brackman writes that the name is handy but not traditional; the earliest print she has found is her own book Clues in the Calico of 1989. Others have said Methodist fan, Rainbow or elbow quilting, and as she writes, Methodists and Presbyterians quilted fans too. The church fan is a guess.",{"id":134,"designs":135,"entry":136},"echo",[134],{"designer":9,"related":137,"sources":138,"da":147,"en":158},[],[139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146],"wehe-kuiki","images-old-hawaii-sewing","iqm-beauty-hilo-bay","nea-mealii-kalama","bishop-quilts","mission-houses-mahelona","mission-houses-stitch","pbs-glossary",{"lead":148,"period":149,"history":150,"use":153,"myth":155},"Linjer, der følger formen på et stykke eller en applikation, igen og igen udad som ringe i vand.","Hawaii fra slutningen af 1800-tallet; i dag overalt",[151,152],"Ekko-quiltning er kendetegnet for de hawaiianske quilts. På hawaiiansk hedder den kuiki lau, \"quiltning, der følger mønstret\", og Pukui og Elberts ordbog har navne for andre måder at quilte på, som kuiki lala på skrå. Den første syklub blev holdt på skibet Thaddeus den 3. april 1820, hvor missionærernes koner og hawaiianske kvinder syede patchwork af kattun; de store applikationer, klippet efter et foldet stykke stof, kom ifølge museet i Lincoln til omkring 1870'erne.","Mesterquilteren Meali'i Kalama, der fik USA's nationale pris for folkekunst i 1985, beskrev rækkerne med en halv tomme imellem som en krusning ud fra mønstret. Bishop Museum sammenligner mønstret med aftrykket af den mønstrede kølle, der bankede kapa, det hawaiianske barkklæde, og Hawaiian Mission Houses har en paradisfugle-quilt fra 1920'erne af Alice Mahelona med ekko-quiltning i hvid tråd.",[154],"QuiltCrafters Ekko er den enkle udgave: én linje et stykke inde i hvert stykke, langs sømmene, det der også kaldes outline quilting. Trykfodens kant følger sømmen, så den er let at sy lige; flere linjer indad giver krusningen fra Hawaii.",{"claim":156,"truth":157},"Hawaiianske kvinder fik ideen til mønstrene, da de så skyggen af et brødfrugttræ falde på et klæde, der tørrede.","Hawaiian Mission Houses fortæller den som en legende uden årstal. Kilderne viser patchwork i 1820, og hvornår og hvordan de klippede applikationer opstod, vides ikke præcist.",{"lead":159,"period":160,"history":161,"use":164,"myth":166},"Lines that follow the shape of a piece or an appliqué, again and again outward like rings in water.","Hawaii from the late 1800s; everywhere today",[162,163],"Echo quilting is the hallmark of Hawaiian quilts. In Hawaiian it is kuiki lau, \"quilting that follows the design\", and Pukui and Elbert's dictionary has names for other ways of quilting, such as kuiki lala on the diagonal. The first sewing circle was held on the ship Thaddeus on 3 April 1820, where the missionaries' wives and Hawaiian women sewed calico patchwork; the large appliqués, cut from a folded piece of cloth, came about the 1870s according to the museum in Lincoln.","The master quilter Meali'i Kalama, who received the USA's national folk art award in 1985, described the rows half an inch apart as a ripple out from the design. The Bishop Museum likens the pattern to the imprint of the patterned beater that beat kapa, the Hawaiian bark cloth, and Hawaiian Mission Houses has a bird of paradise quilt from the 1920s by Alice Mahelona with echo quilting in white thread.",[165],"QuiltCrafter's Echo is the simple version: one line a little inside each piece, along the seams, also called outline quilting. The edge of the presser foot follows the seam, so it is easy to sew straight; more lines inward give the ripple from Hawaii.",{"claim":167,"truth":168},"Hawaiian women got the idea for the designs when they saw the shadow of a breadfruit tree fall on a cloth that was drying.","Hawaiian Mission Houses tells it as a legend without a date. The sources show patchwork in 1820, and when and how the cut appliqués began is not known exactly.",{"id":170,"designs":171,"entry":174},"curves",[172,173],"orangePeel","arcFlower",{"designer":9,"related":175,"sources":177,"da":181,"en":189},[176],"orange-peel",[178,179,180],"qsos-johannah","johannah-continuous-curve","brackman-whose-orange-peel",{"lead":182,"period":183,"history":184,"use":187},"Buer fra hjørne til hjørne i hvert kvadrat, syet i én lang linje, så de mødes i ovaler og cirkler.","Som maskinmønster fra 1980; formen kendes fra patchwork fra omkring 1820",[185,186],"Barbara Johannah fortæller i et interview fra 2001 til Quilters' S.O.S. – Save Our Stories, at hun fandt på og udgav \"continuous curve\"-quiltning i bogen Continuous Curve Quilting i 1980 som maskinens svar på håndquiltning; bogen kom på C&T i 1987. Linjen går i buer fra hjørne til hjørne gennem et gitter af kvadrater uden at stoppe.","Formen er den samme som patchwork-blokken [[orange-peel]], som Barbara Brackman kender fra quilts i stoffer fra omkring 1800–1830. Hvornår den også blev et quiltemønster, har vi ikke fundet.",[188],"QuiltCrafters Orange Peel lægger buerne i et gitter over hele quilten, så de danner spidse ovaler; Bueblomster bruger et gitter med den dobbelte afstand, så fire buer mødes i en blomst. Begge syes med trykfod med transport eller på fri hånd.",{"lead":190,"period":191,"history":192,"use":195},"Arcs from corner to corner in each square, sewn in one long line, so they meet in ovals and circles.","As a machine design from 1980; the shape is known in patchwork from about 1820",[193,194],"Barbara Johannah tells in a 2001 interview for Quilters' S.O.S. – Save Our Stories that she came up with and published continuous curve quilting in the book Continuous Curve Quilting in 1980, as the machine's answer to hand quilting; the book came out with C&T in 1987. The line runs in arcs from corner to corner through a grid of squares without stopping.","The shape is the same as the patchwork block [[orange-peel]], which Barbara Brackman knows from quilts in fabrics of about 1800–1830. When it also became a quilting design, we have not found.",[196],"QuiltCrafter's Orange Peel lays the arcs in a grid over the whole quilt, so they make pointed ovals; Arc flowers use a grid at twice the spacing, so four arcs meet in a flower. Both are sewn with a walking foot or free motion.",{"id":198,"designs":199,"entry":204},"machine",[200,201,202,203],"meander","loops","ditch","blocks",{"designer":9,"related":205,"sources":206,"da":215,"en":224},[],[207,208,209,210,211,212,213,146,214],"iqm-sewing-machine","iqm-machine-hexagon","iqm-presidents-wreath","ism-trapunto","hargrave-heirloom","nqm-threads-2025","bryerpatch-corona","quilt-show-ditch",{"lead":216,"period":217,"history":218,"use":221},"Meander, løkker og quiltning i sømmene: mønstrene, symaskinen gjorde til hverdag.","Symaskinen fra 1850'erne; maskinquiltning anerkendt fra 1980'erne",[219,220],"Elias Howe fik sit amerikanske patent på symaskinen i 1846, og Singers maskine til hjemmet kom i 1859. Museet i Lincoln skriver, at nogle quilts fra midten og slutningen af 1800-tallet er maskinquiltede, og at nogle tidlige maskiner kom med en quilteindretning; museet har en sekskant-quilt fra 1860–1880 og en President's Wreath fra omkring 1870–1880, quiltet på maskine. Men de fleste quiltede i hånden helt op til slutningen af 1900-tallet.","Stipling betød oprindelig noget andet: i håndsyet fyldt quiltning (trapunto) var det små sting tæt i baggrunden, så den lå fladt og de fyldte motiver stod frem, skriver Illinois State Museum. Harriet Hargraves bog Heirloom Machine Quilting (1987, nye udgaver 1990, 1995 og 2004) handlede om maskinquiltning i en kvalitet, der kunne gå i arv, og i 1989 vandt Caryl Bryer Fallerts maskinquiltede \"Corona II: Solar Eclipse\" Best of Show i Paducah, første gang en maskinquiltet quilt var med i opløbet. I dag ligger den i National Quilt Museum.",[222,223],"QuiltCrafters Meander er én bugtet linje over hele quilten, der aldrig krydser sig selv, og Løkker det samme med små sløjfer. De syes på fri hånd med transportøren sænket, eller på en langarmsmaskine.","I sømmene (\"stitch in the ditch\") syes på den lave side af sømmen, hvor sømrummet ikke ligger, så stingene næsten forsvinder og ingen tegning er nødvendig. Om blokkene gør det samme kun om blokkene, sashingen og kanterne.",{"lead":225,"period":226,"history":227,"use":230},"Meander, loops and quilting in the seams: the designs the sewing machine made everyday.","The sewing machine from the 1850s; machine quilting accepted from the 1980s",[228,229],"Elias Howe got his American patent for the sewing machine in 1846, and Singer's machine for the home came in 1859. The museum in Lincoln writes that some quilts from the middle and end of the 1800s are machine quilted, and that some early machines came with a quilting attachment; the museum has a hexagon quilt from 1860–1880 and a President's Wreath from about 1870–1880 quilted by machine. But most quilted by hand right up to the late 1900s.","Stippling first meant something else: in hand-sewn stuffed work (trapunto) it was small stitches close together in the background, so it lay flat and the stuffed motifs stood out, the Illinois State Museum writes. Harriet Hargrave's book Heirloom Machine Quilting (1987, new editions 1990, 1995 and 2004) was about machine quilting fit to hand down, and in 1989 Caryl Bryer Fallert's machine-quilted \"Corona II: Solar Eclipse\" won Best of Show in Paducah, the first time a machine-quilted quilt was in the running. Today it is in the National Quilt Museum.",[231,232],"QuiltCrafter's Meander is one wandering line over the whole quilt that never crosses itself, and Loops the same with small loops. They are sewn free motion with the feed dogs lowered, or on a longarm machine.","In the seams (\"stitch in the ditch\") is sewn on the low side of the seam, where the seam allowance does not lie, so the stitches all but vanish and no marking is needed. Round the blocks does the same only round the blocks, the sashing and the borders.",1794245555482]